La percepción del dolor es esencial para la supervivencia, pero la intensidad del dolor que una persona siente puede amplificarse o disminuir. Los soldados heridos en combate, por ejemplo, a menudo manifiestan no haber sentido dolor en el momento.
Un nuevo estudio publicado el martes 15 de octubre del 2019 en la revista científica estadounidense Cell Reports da cuenta del funcionamiento del circuito cerebral responsable del aumento o la atenuación de las señales de dolor, y compara el mecanismo con un termostato que regula la temperatura de una habitación en una casa.
Yarimar Carrasquillo, principal autora del trabajo e investigadora del Centro Nacional para la Salud Integradora y Complementaria (NCCIH, por sus siglas en inglés) dijo que la región del cerebro responsable de este mecanismo es la amígdala central, una estructura que cumple una función esencial en la decodificación de las emociones.
La agencia de noticias EFE detalló que según el estudio, la amígdala parece jugar un doble papel. Carrasquillo y sus colegas descubrieron, trabajando con ratones, que la actividad en las neuronas que expresan la proteína quinasa C-delta amplifican el dolor, mientras que las neuronas que expresan somatostina inhiben la cadena de transmisión en los nervios utilizados para comunicar el dolor.
Sentir dolor es una advertencia esencial para que una persona sepa que precisa ayuda, por ejemplo en casos de apendicitis o un ataque cardíaco. Las personas que nacen con insensibilidad al dolor no perciben la gravedad de sus lesiones y en consecuencia están en mayor peligro de muerte. Sin embargo, no todos los dolores resultan útiles.
Según un estudio de 2012, cerca del 11% de los adultos estadounidenses sufre de dolor físico crónico. Ese tipo de afección con frecuencia genera dependencia a poderosos analgésicos como los opiáceos, o promueve en pacientes la automedicación a través de productos inadecuados o ilegales. “La reacción sana es: sientes dolor, te dice que algo está mal, recibes un tratamiento y el dolor se va”, dijo Carrasquillo. “En el caso del dolor crónico el sistema está bloqueado. Si podemos identificar qué es lo que bloquea el sistema, podemos revertir el fenómeno”.
Cactus24 (16-10-2019)
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