La población de Perú es una de las más bajas del mundo, con una altura media de 1,65 metros para los hombres y de 1,52 para las mujeres. Ahora, un equipo de científicos ha identificado una variante genética asociada a esta baja estatura.
Se trata de la variante genética “más potente” vinculada a la altura conocida hasta la fecha: es común en Perú y está ausente en los genomas europeos.
Los resultados de esta investigación se publican en la revista Nature en un artículo que lideran invstigadores de la Escuela Médica de Harvard (Estados Unidos) e incluye datos de más de 3.000 individuos.
En concreto, el trabajo identifica una variante en el gen FBN1, previamente desconocida: la variante, que se encuentra exclusivamente en individuos de ascendencia nativa americana, mostró una sorprendente vinculación con una menor estatura, señala un comunicado del citado centro estadounidense.
Los científicos encontraron que las personas que tienen dos copias de esta variantes son, en promedio, 4,4 centímetros más bajas y las que tienen una sola copia lo son, de media, 2,2 centímetros.
“Este estudio resalta la fuerte ventaja de analizar diferentes poblaciones y de tener una estrategia diversa y mundial para entender el genoma humano”, señala el autor principal de esta investigación Soumya Raychaudhuri.
Según el científico, con este trabajo han aprendido nuevas cosas sobre cómo funcionan los rasgos genéticos complejos y los hallazgos tienen, además, implicaciones para importantes enfermedades relacionadas con el gen FBN1 que “no podríamos haber aprendido sin mirar a esta población”.
Por ejemplo, desde hace tiempo se sabe que una amplia gama de mutaciones de este gen causan el síndrome de Marfan, un trastorno hereditario del tejido conectivo caracterizado por la hipermovilidad de las articulaciones, una mayor estatura en comparación con otros miembros de la familia y, en algunos casos, con problemas cardiovasculares.
Sin embargo, esta nueva variante descrita ahora no está asociada con este síndrome, sino que podría en realidad conferir una ventaja evolutiva.//EFE
Cactus24/17-05-2020
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