Un coronavirus canino fue detectado en muestras tomadas en un hospital de Sarawak (Malasia), según un estudio publicado este jueves en la revista Clinical Infectious Diseases.
En total, un estudio PCR confirmó la presencia del patógeno en ocho de los 301 hisopos nasofaríngeos tomados en pacientes hospitalizados con neumonía en 2017 y 2018. Cuando fueron inoculados en células caninas, siete muestras no tuvieron ningún efecto, pero uno, datado de 2018, resultó en cambios visibles de las células, que indicaban a la presencia del CCoV activo.
El individuo en cuestión era un niño ingresado con neumonía. De los ocho pacientes cuyas muestras dieron positivo en el análisis PCR, siete tenían menos de cinco años y cuatro eran bebés. «La mayoría eran de los grupos étnicos indígenas de Sarawak que normalmente viven en casas comunales o aldeas rurales o suburbanas», detallan los científicos. Todos fueron dados de alta tras cuatro o seis días en el hospital.
Los investigadores secuenciaron el genoma del virus y lo denominaron CCoV-HuPn-2018, donde CCoV significa ‘canine coronavirus’ (‘coronavirus canino’) y HuPn, ‘human pneumonia’ (‘neumonía humana’). Se trata del primer coronavirus canino que se ha identificado en un humano.
Descubrieron que no tiene mutaciones en la proteína de espícula, un cambio que determinó la propagación de SARS-CoV-2. El hecho de que a pesar de esto infectara al paciente indica que algunas cepas de CCoV-HuPn-2018 ya son potencialmente contagiosas para los humanos.
En cuanto a su relación con el coronavirus que causó la pandemia actual, CCoV-HuPn-2018 es del grupo alfa y no beta al que pertenece SARS-CoV-2. Sin embargo, tiene eliminada una porción de su proteína N, una característica que lo acerca a las cepas humanas del SARS-CoV-2.
En un comentario sobre el hallazgo, uno de los autores del estudio, Teck-Hock Toh, llamó a prestar más atención a los coronavirus.
«De hecho, no queremos causar alarma. […] Pero creo que en realidad necesitamos investigar estas interacciones animal-humano: de dónde provienen estos virus, cómo funcionan, qué tipo de problemas nos causan. Necesitamos saber más sobre ellos antes de que realmente nos den un gran problema», señaló el médico citado por un comunicado de la Universidad de Minnesota.
Cactus24 21-05-21
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